Practical Application of the Polygraph
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Apr 3, 2021
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Abstract
The polygraph in Ukraine is being rapidly introduced in public and commercial structures, banks, prominent companies, law enforcement agencies. Even spouses are ready to test each other for fidelity relying on a polygraph, as was once the case in the United States and in some respects in Europe. Availability to call oneself a polygrapher, within a relatively short period of time, usually 14 to 21 days, is equal to the availability to be examined by such a specialist with a polygraph. For this reason, there are numerous myths and misconceptions regarding polygraph examinations floating around, influenced by the media, movies, TV shows, TV series, books, exposed authorities, etc. This article explores essential aspects of polygraph testing, covering tasks it addresses, examination modalities, techniques, eligibility criteria, restrictions on testing, procedural details, trust in results, reliability conditions, examiner qualifications, and the non-scientific nature of polygraphology.
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References
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Matté, J. A. (2000). Examination and cross-examination of experts in forensic psychophysiology using the polygraph. J.A.M. Publications.
McGrath, M. (2017). The Polygraph. In Forensic Investigations (pp. 277–293). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800680-1.00011-0
Meijer, E. H., & Verschuere, B. (2017). Deception detection based on neuroimaging: Better than the polygraph? Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging, 8, 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2017.03.003
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Palmatier, J. J., & Rovner, L. (2015). Credibility assessment: Preliminary Process Theory, the polygraph process, and construct validity. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 95(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.001
Proudfoot, J. G., Boyle, R., & Schuetzler, R. M. (2016). Man vs. machine: Investigating the effects of adversarial system use on end-user behavior in automated deception detection interviews. Decision Support Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2016.02.008
Pisanski, K., Kobylarek, A., Jakubowska, L., Nowak, J., Walter, A., Błaszczyński, K., Kasprzyk, M., Łysenko, K., Sukiennik, I., Piątek, K., Frąckowiak, T., & Sorokowski, P. (2018). Multimodal stress detection: Testing for covariation in vocal, hormonal and physiological responses to Trier Social Stress Test. Hormones and Behavior, 106, 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.08.014
Reid, J. E., & Inbau, F. E. (1977). Truth and Deception: The Polygraphy ("lie-detector") Technique. Williams & Wilkins Company.
Verschuere, B., Ben-Shakhar, G., & Meijer, E. (2011). Memory Detection: Theory and Application of the Concealed Information Test. Cambridge University Press.
Vrij, A., & Fisher, R. P. (2016). Which lie detection tools are ready for use in the criminal justice system? Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5(3), 302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2016.06.014
Bunn, G. C. (2012). The Truth Machine: A Social History of the Lie Detector. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Williams, D. (2014). From cop to crusader: My Fight Against the Dangerous Myth of "Lie Detection." Wise Media Group.
Ekman, P. (2007). Emotions Revealed, second edition: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life. Macmillan.
Elaad, E. (2015). Cognitive and emotional aspects of polygraph diagnostic procedures: A comment on Palmatier and Rovner (2015). International Journal of Psychophysiology, 95(1), 14–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.07.011
Ginton, A. (2019). Basic vs. Applied Psychology perspectives lead to different implications from the same data; reevaluating the impact of prior expectations on polygraph outcomes. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 1(1), 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100005
Gordon, N. J., & Fleisher, W. L. (2019). The Instrumental Detection of Deception Polygraph. In Effective Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques (4th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102610-6.00024-7
Keeler, L. (1940). The lie detector proves its usefulness. Public Management, 22, 163-166.
Krapohl, D. J. (2015). Polygraph screening. In Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice (pp. 127–150). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802924-4.00006-2
Krapohl, D. J., & Shaw, P. K. (2015). Test question construction. In Fundamentals of Polygraph Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802924-4.00003-7
Lee, E., & Lee, J. (2018). Increase of Lie Detection Accuracy through Integrated Measurement of Pupil Dilation and Polygraph. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 131, S124–S125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.336
Levitin, D. J. (2016). A field guide to lies: Critical Thinking in the Information Age. Penguin.
Maltsev, O. V. (2018). Filosofiya Sondi [The Philosophy of Szondi]. Serednyak T. K. https://books.google.com.ua/books?vid=ISBN9786177822256
Maltsev, O. V. (2021, January 13). A person who is not a scientist cannot work with a polygraph. Granit of Science. https://un-sci.com/ru/2021/01/13/chelovek-kotoryj-ne-yavlyaetsya-uchenym-ne-mozhet-rabotat-s-poligrafom/
Marston, W. M. (1938). The lie detector test. Smith.
Matté, J. A. (2000). Examination and cross-examination of experts in forensic psychophysiology using the polygraph. J.A.M. Publications.
McGrath, M. (2017). The Polygraph. In Forensic Investigations (pp. 277–293). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800680-1.00011-0
Meijer, E. H., & Verschuere, B. (2017). Deception detection based on neuroimaging: Better than the polygraph? Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging, 8, 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jofri.2017.03.003
Nietzsche, F. (2019). On Truth And Lie In An Extra-Moral Sense (A. K. M. Adam, Trans.). Quadriga.
Palmatier, J. J., & Rovner, L. (2015). Credibility assessment: Preliminary Process Theory, the polygraph process, and construct validity. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 95(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.001
Proudfoot, J. G., Boyle, R., & Schuetzler, R. M. (2016). Man vs. machine: Investigating the effects of adversarial system use on end-user behavior in automated deception detection interviews. Decision Support Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2016.02.008
Pisanski, K., Kobylarek, A., Jakubowska, L., Nowak, J., Walter, A., Błaszczyński, K., Kasprzyk, M., Łysenko, K., Sukiennik, I., Piątek, K., Frąckowiak, T., & Sorokowski, P. (2018). Multimodal stress detection: Testing for covariation in vocal, hormonal and physiological responses to Trier Social Stress Test. Hormones and Behavior, 106, 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.08.014
Reid, J. E., & Inbau, F. E. (1977). Truth and Deception: The Polygraphy ("lie-detector") Technique. Williams & Wilkins Company.
Verschuere, B., Ben-Shakhar, G., & Meijer, E. (2011). Memory Detection: Theory and Application of the Concealed Information Test. Cambridge University Press.
Vrij, A., & Fisher, R. P. (2016). Which lie detection tools are ready for use in the criminal justice system? Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5(3), 302–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2016.06.014