Mentalities and the Global COVID-19 Pandemic
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Abstract
This article explores the interplay between "mentality" and historical distortion, emphasizing the significance of understanding diverse mentalities in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Linking "mentality" to a general "attitude," the discussion covers contemporary issues such as racism and authoritarianism, situating them within the pandemic's framework. The analysis integrates classical sociological perspectives, including Symbolic Interactionism and theories of solidarity. Examining the pandemic's impact, the article applies theoretical frameworks of risk and uncertainty, emphasizing disruptions to social interactions. It explores the role of information systems, digital technology, and media in shaping perceptions and disseminating misinformation. The latter part investigates global disinformation, resistance, and protests, highlighting varied responses influenced by regional, national, and local conditions.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61439/TGQZ4337
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
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Coombs, W.T. (2020). Public Sector Crises: Realizations from Covid-19 for Crisis Communication. Partecipazione & Conflitto, 13(2), 990-1001.
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Defleur, M. & Westie, F. (1958). Verbal Attitudes and Overt Acts: An Experiment of the Salience of Attitudes. American Sociological Review, 23, 667-673.
Di Mascio, Fabrizio, Babieri, Michele, Natalini, Allessandro, & Selva Donatella. (2021). Covid-19 and the Information Crisis of Liberal Democracies: Insights From Action Against Disinformation in Italy and the Eu, Partecipazione e conflitto, 14(1) 2021: 221-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v14i1p221
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Luhmann, N. (1979). Trust and Power. Wiley.
Luhmann, N. (1993). Risk: A Sociological Theory. Transaction.
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Maltsev, O. V. (2021). Maestro. Jean Baudrillard. The Last Prophet of Europe (L. Oulahbib & A. McLaverty-Robinson, Eds.; K. Tursunbaeva, Trans.). Publishing House “Patriot.”
Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure. Free Press.
Nickerson, C. (2021, October 12.). Symbolic Interactionism Theory & Examples, Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/symbolic-interaction-theory.html
Nocenzi, M. (2002). Vivere l’incertezza Sociologia, politica e cultura del rischio ambientale nelle insecurezze da inquinamento elettromagnetico [Living with uncertainty Sociology, policy and culture of environmental risk in electromagnetic pollution insecurities]. Franco Angeli.
Mullis, D. (2021, June 25). COVID-19: The Making of Unsafe Places in Germany. Global Dialogue: Magazine of the International Sociological Association. https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/covid-19-the-making-of-unsafe-places-in-germany
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Petrizzo, Z. (2022, January 10). Anti-Vax leader Christopher Key urges followers to drink their own urine to fight COVID-19. The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/anti-vax-leader-christopher-key-urges-followers-to-drink-their-own-urine-to-fight-covid-19
Phillips, T. & Goni, U. (2022, January 12). Omicron dims optimism as South America enters pandemic’s third year. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/12/south-america-covid-omicron-brazil-argentina
Prato, G. B. (2020). Introduction. Urbanities, 10 (4). http://www.anthrojournal-urbanities.com/vol-10-suppl-4-september-2020/
Sassen, S. (2007). Denationalization. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd028
Shibutani, T. (1966). Improvised News: A Sociological Study of Rumor. Bobbs-Merrill.
Thomas, W. & Thomas, S. D. (1928). The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs. Knopf
Thomas, W. (2002). The Definition of the Situation. In, N. Rousseau (Eds.) Self, Symbols, and Society: Classic Readings in Social PsychologyLanham (pp. 103–115). Rowman & Littlefield.
Tooze, A. (2020, August 1). The Sociologist Who Could Save Us from Coronavirus, Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/01/the-sociologist-who-could-save-us-from-coronavirus/
Weber, M. (1966). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Trans.). Bedminster Press. (Original work published 1922)
Zhuang, Y. (2021, November 20). Protesters in Australia rally against Covid restrictions. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/18/world/australia/covid-protests-australia.html
Zinn, J. O. (2021). Introduction: Towards a sociology of pandemics. Current Sociology, 69(4), 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921211020771
Barthes, R. (1979). The Eiffel Tower and other mythologies (R. Howard, Trans.). Farrar Straus & Giroux.
Baudrillard, J. (1998). The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures (C. Turner, Trans.). Sage.
Baumann, Z. (2000). Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty. Polity Press.
BBC News. (2021, November 21). Covid: Huge protests across Europe over new restrictions. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59363256
Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity (M. Ritter, Trans). Sage Publications.
Beck, U. (2017). World Risk Society and the Changing Foundations of Transnational Politics. In Complex Sovereignty (pp. 22-47). University of Toronto Press.
Bradbury, R. (1953). Fahrenheit 451: A Novel. Ballantine Books.
Braunstein, R., Whitehead, A. L., & Burge, R. P. (2021). Religion, politics, and public funding for abortion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 61(1), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12761
Derrida, J. (2002). Who’s afraid of philosophy?: Right to Philosophy (J. Plug, Trans.; Vol. 1). Stanford University Press.
Castells, M. (1989). The Informational City. Blackwell Publishers.
Castells, M. (1996). Conclusion: The Reconstruction of Social Meaning in the Space of Flows. In LeGates, R.T. and Stout, F. (Eds.) The City Reader (pp. 494-498). Routledge,.
Ciampi, M. (2021). Inhabiting the pandemic: a new relationship between body and space. In E. Piccardo E. (ed.) Pandemic City (pp. 72-79). Plug In Digital
Coombs, W.T. (2020). Public Sector Crises: Realizations from Covid-19 for Crisis Communication. Partecipazione & Conflitto, 13(2), 990-1001.
Defleur, M. & Westie, F. (1963). Attitude as a Scientific Concept. Social Forces, 42, 17-31.
Defleur, M. & Westie, F. (1958). Verbal Attitudes and Overt Acts: An Experiment of the Salience of Attitudes. American Sociological Review, 23, 667-673.
Di Mascio, Fabrizio, Babieri, Michele, Natalini, Allessandro, & Selva Donatella. (2021). Covid-19 and the Information Crisis of Liberal Democracies: Insights From Action Against Disinformation in Italy and the Eu, Partecipazione e conflitto, 14(1) 2021: 221-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1285/i20356609v14i1p221
Dhaouadi, M. (2021). The Frightening Global Impact of COVID-19. Global Dialogue: Magazine of the International Sociological Association, 11 (2) https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/the-frightening-global-impact-of-covid-19
Duggal, S. (n.d.). The Five Principles of Great Advertising. https://www.emmgroup.net/insights/the-five-principles-of-great-advertising
Durkheim, E. (1997). The Division of Labour in Society (W. D. Halls Trans.). Free Press.
Eco, U. (1984). Postscript to The Name of the Rose (W. Weaver, Trans.). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Fisher, M. (2022, January 5). In a Race to Shape the Future, History Is Under New Pressure. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/world/history-revisionism-nationalism.html
Fishman, M. (1980). Manufacturing the News. University of Texas Press.
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Vintage Books.
Global Protest Tracker. (n.d.). Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/interactive/protest-tracker
Guardian Staff Reporters. (2021, December 30). Chinese police parade suspected Covid rule-breakers through streets. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/30/chinese-police-parade-suspected-covid-rule-breakers-through-streets
Habermas, J. (1998). On the Pragmatics of Communication. MIT press.
Habermas, J. (1975). The Legitimization Crisis (T.McCarthy Trans.). Beacon Press.
Harcourt, A. (2021). Legal and regulatory responses to misinformation. In H. Tumber & S. Waisbord (ed.), The Routledge Companion to Media Misinformation and Populism (pp. 437-448). Routledge.
Huntington, S. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World. Simon & Schuster.
Krase, J. & Krase, K. (2019). Undermining Governmental Legitimacy at the Grass Roots: The Role of Failed Promises and Inflated Expectations of Community Accountability. In I. Pardo & G. B. Prato (Eds.) Legitimacy: Ethnographic and Theoretical Insights (pp. 169-192). Palgrave-Macmillan.
Kristeva, J. (1982). Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection (L. S. Roudiez, Trans.). Columbia University Press.
Kurlantzick, J. (2021, October 6). Is COVID-19 shaking up politics in Southeast Asia? Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/article/covid-19-shaking-politics-southeast-asia
Leach, A. & Probyn, M. (2021, October 26). Why people believe Covid conspiracy theories: could folklore hold the answer? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2021/oct/26/why-people-believe-covid-conspiracy-theories-could-folklore-hold-the-answer
Lee, A. M. & Lee, E. B. (1939). The Fine Art of Propaganda A Study of Father Coughlin’s Speeches, Harcourt Brace.
Little, A. T. (2017). Propaganda and credulity. Games and Economic Behavior, 102, 224-232.
Luhmann, N. (1979). Trust and Power. Wiley.
Luhmann, N. (1993). Risk: A Sociological Theory. Transaction.
Mahdawi, A. (2022, January 11.). Anti-vaxxers are touting another new Covid ‘cure’ – drinking urine. But they are not the only obstacles to ending the pandemic. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jan/11/anti-vaxxers-covid-drinking-urine-misinformation
Malinowski, B. (1948). Magic, Science and Religion: and Other Essays. (R. Redfield Ed.). Beacon Press.
Maltsev, O. V. (2021). Maestro. Jean Baudrillard. The Last Prophet of Europe (L. Oulahbib & A. McLaverty-Robinson, Eds.; K. Tursunbaeva, Trans.). Publishing House “Patriot.”
Merton, R. K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure. Free Press.
Nickerson, C. (2021, October 12.). Symbolic Interactionism Theory & Examples, Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/symbolic-interaction-theory.html
Nocenzi, M. (2002). Vivere l’incertezza Sociologia, politica e cultura del rischio ambientale nelle insecurezze da inquinamento elettromagnetico [Living with uncertainty Sociology, policy and culture of environmental risk in electromagnetic pollution insecurities]. Franco Angeli.
Mullis, D. (2021, June 25). COVID-19: The Making of Unsafe Places in Germany. Global Dialogue: Magazine of the International Sociological Association. https://globaldialogue.isa-sociology.org/articles/covid-19-the-making-of-unsafe-places-in-germany
Noor, P. (2020, April 24). Please don’t inject bleach’: Trump’s wild coronavirus claims prompt disbelief. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/24/trump-disinfectant-bleach-coronavirus-claims-reaction
Orwell, G. (1949). 1984. Secker & Warburg.
Petrizzo, Z. (2022, January 10). Anti-Vax leader Christopher Key urges followers to drink their own urine to fight COVID-19. The Daily Beast. https://www.thedailybeast.com/anti-vax-leader-christopher-key-urges-followers-to-drink-their-own-urine-to-fight-covid-19
Phillips, T. & Goni, U. (2022, January 12). Omicron dims optimism as South America enters pandemic’s third year. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/12/south-america-covid-omicron-brazil-argentina
Prato, G. B. (2020). Introduction. Urbanities, 10 (4). http://www.anthrojournal-urbanities.com/vol-10-suppl-4-september-2020/
Sassen, S. (2007). Denationalization. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd028
Shibutani, T. (1966). Improvised News: A Sociological Study of Rumor. Bobbs-Merrill.
Thomas, W. & Thomas, S. D. (1928). The Child in America: Behavior Problems and Programs. Knopf
Thomas, W. (2002). The Definition of the Situation. In, N. Rousseau (Eds.) Self, Symbols, and Society: Classic Readings in Social PsychologyLanham (pp. 103–115). Rowman & Littlefield.
Tooze, A. (2020, August 1). The Sociologist Who Could Save Us from Coronavirus, Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/01/the-sociologist-who-could-save-us-from-coronavirus/
Weber, M. (1966). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology (G. Roth & C. Wittich, Trans.). Bedminster Press. (Original work published 1922)
Zhuang, Y. (2021, November 20). Protesters in Australia rally against Covid restrictions. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/18/world/australia/covid-protests-australia.html
Zinn, J. O. (2021). Introduction: Towards a sociology of pandemics. Current Sociology, 69(4), 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921211020771